Li

G.N. Lewis pioneered lithium batteries in 1912, the first non-rechargable cells were created in the early 1970's. Lithium does not suffer from common battery maintainance issues like memory and self discharge, and is environmentally safe. Sony commercialized the first lithium-ion battery in 1991.

Wikipedia pages for Li-ion, Li-poly, and Lithium(element).

FactBites pages for Lithium, Lithium-ion-battery

BEVs using Lithium

• ACP T-Zero - W - Sony 18650's (6,800 of them)
• ProEV Electric Imp - Kokam
• Eliica - W - Fast 8 wheel Limo
• Venturi Fetish - [1]
• Mitsubishi Colt EV - [2] - [3] - hub motors
• Maya-100 -
• Volvo 3CC -
• CalCars PriusPlus - to use Valence
  • There are many more which I do not have listed yet... StandBy...
• Honda Insight conversion - ThunderSky
  • There are numerous conversions using TS cells... StandBy...
• Elexceed [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Recent News

• 2005.11.22 - The Lithium Economy - Why hydrogen might not power future vehicles and lithium-based batteries might.
• 2005.08.30 - Altair Nanotechnologies Aims to Fast Track Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Technology
• 2005.09.29 - Johnson Controls advanced lithium-ion development laboratory
  • [9] Videos near top.
• 2005.09.20 - 2008 Prius Li Option Rumior [10]

• 2005.09.14 - Li thread
• http://www.compactpower.com large format Lithium, 2006 production?
• http://www.coloradops.com more lithium
• http://www.gbp-battery.com more Li
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ThunderSky
• http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&storyid=877

From Production page

• Valence makes U-Charge Saphion Lithium Ion batteries in a few common sizes, they are intended to be "12v" drop in replacements for Lead-Acid and have integrated management. Most notable these batteries are less likely to burn when abused, an important new feature for Li.
  • According to Marc Kohler of Valence, their U1 will do 300A, not only 150A per U-Charge_Datasheet. Their U24 will do 600A instead of 200A, and will do 200A "up a long hill", though these higher rates have not been confirmed. Also per an EVDL thread the 12V modules are U1, 40AH - $650 US, U24, 100AH - $1600 US, U27, 130AH - $1900 US, and $800 for display and charger. image?, Datasheet, New High Rate versions
  • 2005.08.26 - wired.com

• Altair gets order for 1000kG of lithium titanate spinel electrode nanomaterials [11] [12] [13] [14]
  • Altair Nanotechnologies Inc. (NASDAQ: ALTI) and Toshiba have rather promising advanced Li-ion improvements which greatly increase their previously lacking Power Density and Cycle Life. Energy Density, Weight, and even high volume cost of about $500/kWh have been a reality for some time now.

• Sony High Rate.

• Toshibas High-Rate (50C) Li, scheduled for 2006 production [15]

• Google groups - http://groups.google.com/group/sci.chem.electrochem.battery?lnk=lr&hl=en
  • [16] -> Volume Li-ion Manufacturing in the US
  • Li-ion Charge efficiency

• 2000 mile range EV - EVDL thread to stanford .pdf, seems like it's "old" news.

Military Use

• http://www.defense-update.com/products/b/ba5590.htm
• http://www.defense-update.com/products/b/bb2590.htm
  • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/batteries-lessons-iraq.htm
    • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/feature-powering-land-warrior.htm
    • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/lithium-batteries.htm
    • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/battery-rechargeable.htm
      • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/battery-chemistries.htm
    • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/battery-logistics.htm
    • http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-04/battery-SoC.htm

• Need Zink-Air Page
• http://www.defense-update.com/products/a/arotech-ba-8180U.htm
• http://www.defense-update.com/products/z/zinc-air-battery-new.htm
• http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-2-04/mav-propulsion-energy.htm

Milwaukee PowerTools

• http://www.v28power.com/flash.htm - 28v is perfect for a scooter, hese are simply one of the or THEE most powerfull tool battery I have seen 28 volts at 3 amphours. They are made for 40 amps all day, and peaks over 100 amps. 2.2 Lbs. [17]
  • Battery pack made up of 7 cells is 3Ah, 2.5Lbs ship weight, $118.50, Mfr. Model # 48-11-2830
  • 1 hour charger is 2.2Lbs, $47.5, Mfr. Model # 48-59-2801.
  • WorkLight is 1.3Lbs, $27.75 (cheap source for battery socket?), Mfr. Model # 49-24-0185.
  • I don't have a cordless band saw yet, wink wink.
• http://www.molienergy.com/index.htm [18]

Misc from old site

• http://www.metricmind.com/battery.htm local copy
• http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/feature/story/0,13026,1423451,00.html - SlimCells
• http://www.splendidbattery.com - Numerous chemistries. See Cylindrical, Prismatic, for EV, Li Polymer
• http://www.batteryuniversity.com/partone-20.htm - Recycling batteries
• http://wirelessreview.com/ar/wireless_power_liion/
• http://www.batterieswholesale.com/lithium_polymer_lipo/lithium_polymer_myth.htm

Valence

• http://www.valence.com/ucharge.asp - Valence ucharge - drop in PbA replacements.

A123 Systems

• 2005.11.02 - A123Systems Launches New Higher-Power, Faster Recharging Li-Ion Battery Systems [19] [20] [21]
• A123Systems li-ion technology
  • Form factor: 26650
  • nominal voltage: 3.35v
  • max voltage 3.6v
  • capacity: 2.2ah
  • internal resistance 10-12mohm
  • power density at 5 sec pulse: 3500w/kg
  • energy density: 110wh/kg
  • weight: 70g/cell
• Response from A123

Sony High Power Cells

• 90g, 50A, 2.5Ah, 26650 cells! 250Wh/L (100Wh/kg), ??kW/L (2kW/kg)
• http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200412/04-060E/ -Sony High Power

Toshiba High Rate Cells

• 19.1g, 30A, 0.6Ah, 250Wh/L (113Wh/kg), 10kW/L (4.5kW/kg)
• http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7081 - High Power, High Cycle Advancements - High surface area anode
• http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2005_03/pr2901.htm - PR - 60 sec recharge
• http://www.macnewsworld.com/story/article/41889.html - Toshiba Puts Nano-Material into Fast-Charging Battery
• http://neasia.nikkeibp.com/topstory/000881 - Another Article - LiCoO2-type (lithium cobalt oxide) positive electrode (cathode) - 150- 250Wh/L , 10kW/L
• http://www.batteriesdigest.com/HTMLobj-2641/Bd109d.pdf
• http://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/06/electrode_nanom.html

Kokam

• http://www.kokamamerica.com/ contact info
• http://www.kokam.com/english/product/battery03.html#2
• 100Ah Li-Poly 171Wh/kg (364Wh/L), 1kW/kg (1.95kW/L)
• http://www.enerdel.com/p_detail.html - EnerDel
• https://www.fmadirect.com/site/Products.htm?cat=28
• http://www.maxamps.com
• http://www.lithiumtech.com/compover.htm - LTC Lithium
• http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/latest_research/2004/20041203/20041203.html - Cost Reduction for Secondary Lithium-Ion Battery

NEC

• http://www.nec-tokin.com/english/product/me/chisiki/li6.html - Manufacturing Process
• http://www.nec-tokin.com/english/search/search.php?select=all&query=Lithium&search=true&imageField2.x=0&imageField2.y=0 - Search
• http://www.nec-tokin.com/english/product/lithiumion/outline01.html - NEC Outline
• http://www.nec-tokin.com/english/product/me/chisiki/intro/index.html - Intro

Altair nano-anode

• http://www.altairnano.com - patent US 6689716
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/gridable-hybrids/message/1446 - Yahoo Gridable msg
• http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/050404/083894.html - Biz.Yahoo msg1
• http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/050404/083895.html - Biz.Yahoo msg2
• http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1016546/000101968705001583/altair8k-ex9901.htm - letter from Altair's former President
• http://www.altairnano.com/framesets/prdcts_altium_frmset.html - Altair high life Li

My Data

Here is my Li-ion Data for 18650 1.3Ah, LGQ863448H 1.05Ah, and M08134B 1.05Ah cells

• http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/18650.html - $3.00 (Scooter Pack v0.1)
• http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/LGQ.html - LGQ - $1.00 (Scooter Pack v0.2)
• http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/duno.html - $0.75 (Identical to Motorola Timeport)

Yet to migrate

http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/Regular/