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Batteries

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PbA (Lead Acid) NiMH & NiCd Li-ion & Li-Poly

Primary (Disposable)

Secondary (Rechargeable)


Future Batteries

Traction batteries

Traction batteries (secondary batteries or accumulators) are designed to provide power to move a vehicle, such as an electric car or tow motor. To prevent spilling, the electrolyte in some traction batteries is gelled. The electrolyte may also be embedded in a glass wool which is wound so that the cells have a round cross-sectional area (AGM-type).

The following types are also in use [1]:

  • Zebra NiNaCl (or NaNiCl) battery operating at 270 °C requiring cooling in case of temperature excursions
  • NiZn battery (higher cell voltage 1.6 V and thus 25% increased specific energy, very short lifespan)

Lithium-ion batteries are now pushing out NiMh-technology in the sector while for low investment costs the lead-acid technology remains in the leading role [2].

Flow batteries

Flow batteries are a special class of battery where additional quantities of electrolyte are stored outside the main power cell of the battery, and circulated through it by pumps or by movement. Flow batteries can have extremely large capacities and are used in marine applications and are gaining popularity in grid energy storage applications. EVDL_Maillist:2006./2./1016

Battery Calculations

What size and how many batteries do I need?

Given a 96 Volt Flooded Lead Acid battery pack using 16 six volt batteries, what is the formula used to determine voltage & amperage?

In a series string the Volts are additive, in a parallel string the Amps (or amp/hours) are additive.

  • So in series, if your batteries are rated for 125 amps, you'll have 6v+6v+6v+6v+6v+6v+6v+6v+6v+etc = 96 volts at 125 amps.
  • When you put them in parallel it would be 125a+125a+125a+125a+125a+125a+125a+etc = 2000amps at 6 v.

Battery Charging

Battery Charging

Battery Measurements

E-Meter

See Also

Dimension Standards

http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/Regular/BCIdimensions.html 

BCI GROUP NUMBERS AND DIMENSIONS
Contact BCI, 401 N. Michigan ave, Chicago IL 60611-4267, (312) 644-6610
Maximum Overall Dimensions
Group # Millimeters Inches
L W H L W H
21 208 173 222 8 3/16 6 13/16 8 3/4
22F 241 175 211 9 1/2 6 7/8 8 5/16
22HF 241 175 229 9 1/2 6 7/8 9
22NF 240 140 227 9 7/16 5 1/2 8 15/16
22R 229 175 211 9 6 7/8 8 5/16
24 260 173 225 10 1/4 6 13/16 8 7/8
24F 273 173 229 10 3/4 6 13/16 9
24H 260 173 238 10 1/4 6 13/16 9 3/8
24R 260 173 229 10 1/4 6 13/16 9
24T 260 173 248 10 1/4 6 13/16 9 3/4
25 230 175 225 9 1/16 6 7/8 8 7/8
26 208 173 197 8 3/16 6 13/16 7 3/4
26R 208 173 197 8 3/16 6 13/16 7 3/4
27 306 173 225 12 1/16 6 13/16 8 7/8
27F 318 173 227 12 1/2 6 13/16 8 15/16
27H 298 173 235 11 3/4 6 13/16 6 13/16
29NF 330 140 227 13 5 1/2 8 15/16
33 338 173 238 13 5/16 6 13/16 9 3/8
34 260 173 200 10 13/16 6 13/16 7 7/8
34R 260 173 200 10 1/4 6 13/16 7 7/8
35 230 175 225 9 1/16 6 7/8 8 7/8
36R 263 183 206 10 3/8 7 1/4 8 1/8
40R 277 175 175 10 15/16 6 7/8 6 7/8
41 293 175 175 11 3/16 6 7/8 6 7/8
42 243 173 173 9 5/16 6 13/16 6 13/16
43 334 175 205 13 1/8 6 7/8 8 1/16
45 240 140 227 9 7/16 5 1/2 8 15/16
46 273 173 229 10 3/4 6 13/16 9
47 246 175 190 9 11/16 6 7/8 7 1/2
48 306 175 192 12 1/16 6 7/8 7 9/16
49 381 175 192 15 6 7/8 7 3/16
50 343 127 254 13 1/2 5 10
51 238 129 223 9 3/8 5 1/16 8 13/16
51R 238 129 223 9 3/8 5 1/16 8 13/16
52 186 147 210 7 5/16 5 13/16 8 1/4
53 330 119 210 13 4 11/16 8 1/4
54 186 154 212 7 5/16 6 1/16 8 3/8
55 218 154 212 8 5/8 6 1/16 8 3/8
56 254 154 222 10 6 1/16 8 3/8
57 205 183 177 8 1/16 7 3/16 6 15/16
58 255 183 177 10 1/16 7 3/16 6 15/16
58R 255 183 177 10 1/16 7 3/16 6 15/16
59 255 193 196 10 1/16 7 5/8 7 3/4
60 332 160 225 13 1/16 6 5/16 8 7/8
61 192 162 225 7 9/16 6 3/8 8 7/8
62 225 162 225 8 7/8 6 3/8 8 7/8
63 258 162 225 10 3/16 6 3/8 8 7/8
64 296 162 225 11 11/16 6 3/8 8 7/8
65 306 190 292 12 1/16 7 1/2 7 9/16
70 208 179 196 8 3/16 7 1/16 7 11/16
71 208 179 216 8 3/16 7 1/16 8 1/2
72 230 179 210 9 1/16 7 1/16 8 1/4
73 230 179 216 9 1/16 7 1/16 8 1/2
74 260 184 222 10 1/4 7 1/4 8 3/4
75 230 179 196 9 1/16 7 1/16 7 11/16
76 334 179 216 13 1/8 7 1/16 8 1/2
78 260 179 196 10 1/4 7 1/16 7 11/16
85 230 173 203 9 1/16 6 13/16 8
86 230 173 203 9 1/16 6 13/16 8
90 246 175 175 9 11/16 6 7/8 6 7/8
91 280 175 175 11 6 7/8 6 7/8
92 317 175 175 12 1/2 6 7/8 6 7/8
93 354 175 175 15 6 7/8 6 7/8
95R 394 175 190 15 9/16 6 7/8 7 1/2
96R 242 173 175 9 9/16 6 13/16 6 7/8
97R 252 175 190 9 15/16 6 7/8 7 1/2
98R 283 175 190 11 3/16 6 7/8 7 1/2
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