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Difference between revisions of "Li"

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(→‎A123 Systems - DeWalt 36v: technologyreview.com Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries)
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==Recent News==
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Hello, very nice site! Please also visit my homepages:
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* 2006.06.22 - [http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=17017&ch=nanotech Higher-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries]
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* 2006.04.09 - Via [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sfeva/message/644 sfeva] & [http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/gridable-hybrids/message/2651 Gridable] a new company [http://polyplus.com polyplus] with technical graphs and multiple Li flavors.
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* 2006.03.22 - [http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/gridable-hybrids/message/2361 VoltaFlex & Rolltronics acquired by Seertech in Charlotte, NC]
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* 2006.02.04 - [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,18028900%5E36375,00.html New ion age begins as quest for the perfect battery accelerates]
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Thanks!
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* 2006.01.17 - [http://news.com.com/Better+batteries+for+hybrid+cars/2100-11389_3-6027749.html?tag=cd.top Better batteries for hybrid cars?] [http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/Prius-2G/message/48103] Lithium-ion batteries, found today inside notebooks and cell phones, may power hybrid cars in five to 10 years if research at Sandia National Laboratories pays off.
 
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* 2005.11.22 - [http://www.technologyreview.com//wtr_15920,1,p1.html?trk=nl The Lithium Economy] - Why hydrogen might not power future vehicles and lithium-based batteries might.
 
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* 2005.08.30 - [http://www.azonano.com/news.asp?newsID=1486 Altair Nanotechnologies Aims to Fast Track Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Technology]
 
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* 2005.09.29 - [http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-list-archive/message/49710 Johnson Controls advanced lithium-ion development laboratory]
 
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** [http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/batterytech.asp] Videos near top.
 
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* 2005.09.20 - [http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/toyota-prius/message/88259 2008 Prius Li Option Rumor] [http://www.carlist.com/autonews/2005/autonews_188.html]
 
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The Toyota Vitz has a Li-Ion for start-stop
 
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Ashes to Ashes, dust to dust - the Lithium Ion battery eclipses the Nickel Metal Hydride
 
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By Lou Ann Hammond
 
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All hybrids currently produced employ an internal combustion engine, a generator and a Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery. NiMH is generally realized as an interim battery technology, soon to be eclipsed by the Lithium Ion battery. The question is, which company will be the first to charge ahead.
 
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Lithium Ion is already in your cell phone, PDA and other gadgets you can’t live without. All those batteries are small and don’t use the power that a car requires. The Lithium Ion could provide a significant advance in the hybrid. Instead of finding ways to cut weight out of a car to make the car more fuel efficient, automakers could use a Li-ion battery. Li-ion batteries pack the same power as NiMH units but cut the weight of hybrid power trains - enough to add a few more miles per gallon. As the cobalt Lithium Ion battery gets bigger they have a problem called thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is when the battery heats up and oxygen combines with it and the cathodes break and shoot out fire. Many companies have been working on this intolerance for years and are close to bringing their Lithium Ion battery to market.
 
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The 5th International Advanced Automotive Battery and Ultracapacitor Conference (AABC) and Symposia was held at the Sheraton Waikiki Beach Resort, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 13 to 17, 2005. The largest AABC ever attracted 350 delegates from 22 nations (with nearly 100 delegates from Japan and Korea) according to AABC.
 
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The conference symposium was as follows:
 
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Large Lithium Ion Battery Technology and Application (LLIBTA)
 
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Large Ultracapacitor Technology and Application (UCAP)
 
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The Use of VRLA Batteries in Traction Applications
 
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At the annual battery conference Dr Menahem Anderman, Founder and President, Advanced Automotive Batteries consulting firm, said that the Lithium-Ion battery will be ready in 3-5 years and will have a rational cost acceptability within 8 years. Obviously, with that short of a time frame, companies are very close to bringing their batteries to market, if they have not already done so.
 
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Toyota, known as the pioneer hybrid car company, could look at replacing their Nickel Metal Hydride battery with a Lithium-Ion battery, according to Dave Hermance, Chief Engineer for Environmental Issues for Toyota. Hermance speculates that "At the battery conference held in June in Hawaii it was said that Lithium Ion is about 3-5 years away for hybrids and another 5-8 years away to get to a rational price point." Laughing, Hermance adds, "of course, that’s not to say that we wouldn’t start at an irrational price point" Hermance also points out that the cost of Nickel has increased three-fold in the last five years, making the NiMH battery less attractive. The Toyota Prius is due for a redux in 2008 and, according to insiders other than Hermance, there is a strong possibility for the next Prius to have a Lithium Ion battery instead of a Nickel Metal Hydride. It won’t be the first Toyota hybrid that has a Lithium-Ion battery inside.
 
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Toyota manufactures a Lithium-Ion battery for use in The Vitz, a minivan sold in Japan. Toyota has developed the battery to gain first hand experience with the technology. The battery uses the Li-NiO chemistry, not the iron phosphate chemistry. The battery is not for a hybrid system, but for a starting, lighting and ignition system (SLI) - stop-start system. United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) tests are for the specific application of electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). There are no standards for SLI batteries.
 
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However, Toyota has a battery that is quite capable and unless they are changing just to be at the forefront of the market there really is no reason for them to do so. A more likely candidate would be a company that doesn’t have their own hybrid system and isn’t beholden to the NiMH system. That company would more likely be Nissan.
 
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In 1996, Nissan developed a lithium-ion battery on a production vehicle for the first time anywhere in the world. Nissan currently uses the Compact Lithium-ion Battery that features a thin laminated cell in their X-trail FCV. The Lithium-ion Battery is only about half the weight and volume of a conventional cylindrical battery, while delivering about 1.5 times the output. Currently, it is fitted to a car chassis of the fuel-cell X-trail, but could be used on hybrid vehicles.
 
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Larry Burns, General Motors Vice President, Research and Development of all things futuristic, says that "if General Motors uses a battery in their vehicles it will be a battery that meets the requirements of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC). 20-25 years ago each automobile manufacturer had their own independent battery research program. Ten years ago, the Big 3 (General Motors, Ford and Chrysler) joined with the USCAR program to standardize requirements for automotive batteries. The Department of Energy is included in the program and any group that wants us to use their batteries, whether it is Toshiba, Saph, [[#Valence|Valence]] or Panasonic, they have to meet the USABC requirements."
 
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United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) was formed in January 1991 with the mission, according to USCAR, to pursue research and development of advanced energy systems capable of providing future generations of electric vehicles with significantly increased range and performance. The United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) consists of three Partners: DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation. This Partnership has a Cooperative Agreement with the United States Department of Energy (USDOE).
 
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Some of the requirements a battery has to have, according to Burns, are;
 
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they have to store energy
 
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has to have a good range
 
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when the battery releases energy it has to have good acceleration characteristics
 
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has to be thermally dynamic
 
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has to have a good life range
 
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According to Burns, "The battery could be very important and the breakthroughs in Lithium-Ion are very promising. A lot can happen with technology on the way, but we encourage all breakthroughs. We are open to working with anyone that is developing batteries, but they need to meet the USABC testing requirements." Burns has been on record for years saying that General Motors "will have a fuel cell propulsion designed and validated by 2010". The implication being that once the infrastructure for fueling is in place General Motors will bring the car to market.
 
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Mark Chernoby, Vice President, Advance Vehicle Engineering, DaimlerChrysler concurs with Burns statement when it comes to working with USABC, "DaimlerChrysler is actively supporting development and research in Li-Ion batteries. Among the many flavors of this chemistry, Lithium-Iron-Phosphate shows high promise in overcoming the chemical & thermal stability issues of Li-Ion batteries under abusive conditions that might arise in automotive applications. This is the focus of our research and development at the USABC, in collaboration with USCAR and the US Department of Energy."
 
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Gerhard Schmidt, Vice President of Research & Advanced Engineering for Ford said from USCAR, "Our companies have been cooperating on research for more than a decade through USCAR, which allows us to advance environmental and safety technologies faster and more cost effectively than we could accomplish alone."
 
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A lithium battery is not rechargeable and should never be recharged, while lithium-ion batteries are designed to be recharged hundreds of times. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, sometimes referred to as power to weight ratio. This means that for their size or weight they can store more energy than other rechargeable batteries. Each Lithium-Ion battery that uses different materials has their own set of problems. The cobalt Lithium-Ion battery causes thermal runaway. The Maganese Lithium-Ion battery has a durability problem. The iron phosphate Lithium Ion battery takes care of the thermal runaway problem, but it has a lower power ratio. [[#Valence|Valence]] has developed an iron-phosphate battery that will be used in the upgraded plug-in Prius, which is being installed by clean-tech.com. The upgraded plug-in is not manufacture related and may discredit the Toyota Prius warranty if their system is modified.
 
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Mark Kohler, business development manager of [[#Valence|Valence]] Corporation says that Valence has already modified a Prius with its Saphion technology, giving it 18 times more usable energy and tripling its fuel economy. "We don’t have to worry about recycling the Saphion battery because there is nothing in the battery that is harmful to the environment and the material inside the battery is not worth extracting. Consider the lead acid battery, lead is toxic and worth something once it is extracted, the same thing for nickel out of the NiMH and cobalt out of the cobalt lithium ion."
 
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The automotive industry has learned a great deal about technology through hybrids that will eventually be passed on to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. All the current hydrogen fuel cell vehicles include a battery and the consensus is that the battery of choice for fuel-cell vehicles will be the Lithium-Ion. Most automotive groups say that people are finding breakthroughs in batteries; such as Advanced High-Power Cathode Material with Improved Calendar Life and thermal Stability of Lithium-ion Cells. The last step will be to make this mass produced battery affordable.
 
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* 2005.09.14 - [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-list-archive/message/48155 Li thread] - EVDL
 
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** http://www.compactpower.com large format Lithium, 2006 production?
 
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** http://www.coloradops.com more lithium
 
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** http://www.gbp-battery.com more Li
 
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** http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&storyid=877
 
  
 
==Military Use==
 
==Military Use==

Revision as of 13:03, 19 October 2006

PbA (Lead Acid) NiMH & NiCd Li-ion & Li-Poly

Gilbert N. Lewis pioneered lithium batteries in 1912, the first non-rechargeable cells were created in the early 1970's. Lithium does not suffer from common battery maintenance issues like memory and self discharge, and is environmentally safe. Sony commercialized the first lithium-ion battery in 1991.

Wikipedia pages for Li-ion, Li-poly, and Lithium(element).

FactBites pages for Lithium, Lithium-ion-battery

Google groups sci.chem.electrochem.battery, [1] -> Volume Li-ion Manufacturing in the US, Li-ion Charge efficiency

New Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathode Materials with High Voltage and Capacity Developed

BEVs using Lithium


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Military Use

Valence - Unique

  • 2006.07.28 http://www.engadget.com/2006/07/28/valences-less-explosive-lithium-ion-batteries
  • http://www.power-motion.com - small ?18650 saphion cells
    • 1.2Ah, 3.2v nominal, 42 gms, $8/cell, 15C to 23C peak
    • 10s $080 10 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x3 scooter 32.0v 3.6Ah~3miles $240, voltage to high
    • 08s $064 08 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x3 scooter 25.6v 3.6AH~3miles $192
    • 08s $064 08 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x4 scooter 25.6v 4.8AH~4miles $256
    • 08s $064 08 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x5 scooter 25.6v 6.0AH~5miles $320
    • 12s $096 12 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x3 scooter 28.8v 4.8AH~5miles $288 (9s4p), ideal voltage
    • 12s $096 12 $08.00 18-28A 3.2v - x6 scooter 28.8v 9.6AH~9miles $576 (9s8p) 3.024Kg (6.7lb.)
    • $230 charger
    • config $ C# $/Cell Crate-Peak Volts pre-build hobby flight packs
    • 4s3p $130 12 $10.83 54-84A 12.7v - x2 scooter 25.6v 3.6Ah~3miles $260
    • 4s2p $090 08 $11.25 36-56A 12.7v - x2 scooter 25.6v 2.4Ah~2miles $180
    • 4s1p $045 04 $11.25 18-28A 12.7v -
    • 3s3p $100 09 $11.11 54-84A 9.6v - x3 scooter 28.8v 3.6Ah~3miles $300, Faster
    • 3s2p $068 06 $11.33 36-56A 9.6v - x3 scooter 28.8v 2.4Ah~2miles $204
    • 3s1p $034 03 $11.33 18-28A 9.6v -
  • http://www.valence.com/ucharge.asp - Valence ucharge - drop in PbA replacements.
  • http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/602.html - Solectria Forces with PbA, Ni, and Valence Li
  • Valence makes U-Charge Saphion Lithium Ion batteries in a few common sizes, they are intended to be "12v" drop in replacements for Lead-Acid and have integrated management. Most notable these batteries are less likely to burn when abused, an important new feature for Li.
    • According to Marc Kohler of Valence, their U1 will do 300A, not only 150A per U-Charge_Datasheet. Their U24 will do 600A instead of 200A, and will do 200A "up a long hill", though these higher rates have not been confirmed. Also per an EVDL thread the 12V modules are U1, 40AH - $650 US ($1.35/WH); U24, 100AH - $1600 US ($1.33/WH); U27, 130AH - $1900 US ($1.22/WH); and $800 for display and charger. image?, Datasheet, New High Rate versions
    • 2005.08.26 - wired.com

Kokam - Large Cells

LTC GAIA - Large Cells

As seen in use by Dr. Andrew Frank and team in the PlugInPartners video.

  • http://www.lithiumtech.com - Lithium Technology Corporation (LTC)
    • Nominal voltage 3.60 V
    • Recommended charge method : Constant current - constant voltage
    • Maximum charge voltage : 4.20 V
    • Operating temperature : -30°C / +60°C
    • Recommended charge temperature : 0°C / +40°C
    • Storage and transport temperature : -30°C / +60°C
    • Cycle life at 20°C and 100% DOD : 400 cycles to 80% nominal capacity (0.5 C charge; 0.5 C discharge)

1000 cycles to 60% nominal capacity

Standard Cells IEC id (mm) Weight AC Imp. 1 kHz Specific energy - density Specific power Power density
7.5 Ah UHP-341450 INR34/176 320 g < 2.0 mOhm 70 Wh/kg - 180 Wh/l 1500 W/kg 3750 W/l
27 Ah HP-601300 INR60/158 980 g < 1.0 mOhm 100 Wh/kg - 264 Wh/l 950 W/kg 2100 W/l
45 Ah HP-602050 INR60/232 1550 g < 0.5 mOhm 105 Wh/kg - 284 Wh/l
5 Ah HE-271000 INR27/100 125 g < 15 mOhm 144 Wh/kg - 340 Wh/l
10 Ah HE-341450 INR34/176 320 g < 5.0 mOhm 113 Wh/kg - 300 Wh/l
60 Ah HE-602050 INR60/232 1500 g < 0.5 mOhm 150 Wh/kg - 380 Wh/l

Safety features

  • Rupture disc, shutdown separator, Do not overcharge, Do not incinerate, Do not dispose of in fire, Dispose of properly. Observe national regulations, Reference temperature 20°C,
  • All specifications are subject to change without notice The information contained herein is for reference only and does not constitute a warranty of performance

ThunderSky - Large Cells

There is also a Thundersky battery rep in Vancouver B.C.

E-one Moli - Milwaukee 28v

  • EVDL, [11]
    • http://www.molienergy.com - http://www.e-one.com.tw, [12], [13]
    • ... company now produces a total of 1.8 million cells per month for such things as cellphones, lap-top computers and other portable data terminals, and normally does about $100 million in business per year. But Broom forecast that by supplying the power-tool industry E-One could potentially double its total business in three years. Broom said that the deal with Milwaukee means E-One will produce an extra 150,000 battery cells a month at the Maple Ridge plant, which employs 430 people. "We're looking at plans to quadruple production by the end of the year"...
    • Using lithium manganese oxide (LiMN204) in the positive electrode of the new IMR26700 cell allows for a Li-ion cell with higher discharge rates than ever before. The IMR26700 cell can deliver currents in excess of 100A.
      By eliminating cobalt from the IMR26700 cell it is possible to produce a much larger cell, while providing exceptional safety characteristics. Further developments of the IMR26700 cell will provide fast charge capability, allowing cells to be fully charged in as little as 15 minutes.
      The introduction of the IMR26700 will allow Molicel to enter new markets previously only served by lead acid, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal-hydride batteries, such as electric bicycles, power tools and potentially electric or hybrid-electric vehicles. Manganese oxide lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly than those traditional battery systems.
      To support the launch of the new IMR26700, Molicel has implemented in a new high-speed production line capable of producing 1.5million cells per month. Molicel began shipping the IMR26700 cells in 2004.'
    • Specifications of the IMR26700 Cell
      • Cell Type = IMR26700 Manganese
      • Size = 26.4mm diameter; 70mm length
      • Weight = 100g
      • Capacity = 3Ah
      • Standard Charging Voltage = 4.2V – 2.5V
      • Energy Density = 285Wh/l
      • Power Density = 1500W/kg at 20 seconds
    • 1,500,000 cells/month is 4,500,000Ah * 3.7vpc = 13,500,000 Wh of capacity.
      • 13,500 kWh is enough to deliver 40,500 BEV miles (@3m/kWh) per month in cells.
      • 486 Thousand miles or 162,000kWh per year, of Battery Capacity.
      • It would cost $9,720 to charge that once at $0.06/kWh, just $0.02/mile.
      • That's about 2000 BEV/PHEV's with 250 miles or 10,000 with 50 miles of range.

A123 Systems - DeWalt 36v

DEWALT® 36v line Available for ordering @ tylertool.com, Will ship in late May

  • Battery Pack tylertool.com, $159.00
    • DEWALT® exclusive nano-phosphate lithium ion cells provide high power for corded performance; Deliver 2-3x more run-time vs. 18V; Offer long battery life & durability: 2,000 recharges; Lightweight design is 2.4 lbs; same weight as an 18V battery; No memory & virtually no self-discharge for maximum productivity & less downtime; Battery Weight 2.6 lbs.; BLAAND DC9360; MSRP: $290.00
  • Charger tylertool.com, $89.00
    • 1-Hour charging provides fast charging for minimum downtime; Battery fuel gauge indicates how much charge is in the battery; DEWALT® 3-stage charging system provides maximum run-time and extends overall life of the battery; Cord wrap provides improved cord storage; Tool Weight 1.9 lbs.; Shipping Weight 3.0 lbs.; BLAAND DC9000; MSRP $156.00
  • WorkLight tylertool.com, $49.00
    • Flex-Neck design with lockable head clips allows for hands-free use and versatility to stand or hang the light; Wide angle beam of light provides more light than a conventional flashlight; 8 hours run-time on 1 charge; Xenon bulb provides an extra bright beam of light; Tool Weight 1.14 lbs.; BLAAND DC509; MSRP $90.00
  • Impact Wrench kit tylertool.com, $499 2 batteries, charger, case, wrench.

Sony - High Power

Toshiba - High Power

NEC

Altair Nano

  • http://www.altairnano.com - patent US 6689716 - ALTI
  • 2006.03.24 - The Lithium-Ion Car Altair Nanotechnologies plans to road test an advanced electric vehicle prototype.
  • Altair gets order for 1000kG of lithium titanate spinel electrode nanomaterials [19] [20] [21] [22]
    • Altair Nanotechnologies Inc. (NASDAQ: ALTI) and Toshiba have rather promising advanced Li-ion improvements which greatly increase their previously lacking Power Density and Cycle Life. Energy Density, Weight, and even high volume cost of about $500/kWh have been a reality for some time now.

Avestor LMP

Avestor LMP Batteries?

Misc from old site

Ryans Data

Here is my Li-ion Data for 18650 1.3Ah, LGQ863448H 1.05Ah, M08134B 1.05Ah cells, E-One Moli (Milwaukee) Cells.

Yet to migrate

http://www.definity-systems.net/Transportation/EV/Li-ion/Regular/

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